http:\\www.un.org/aboutun/unhistory (History of UN Official Website)
http:\\www.diggerhistory.info/pages-conflicts-periods/other/un-history.htm (History of UN with Images and Flags)
http:\\en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_nations
Saturday, September 27, 2008
International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations.
It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, sharing the building with the Hague Academy of International Law,
a private centre for the study of international law. Several of the Court's current judges are either alumni or former
faculty members of the Academy.
Its main functions are to settle legal disputes submitted to it by member states and to give advisory opinions on legal
questions submitted to it by duly authorized international organs, agencies and the UN General Assembly.
The ICJ has dealt with relatively few cases in its history, but there has clearly been an increased willingness to use
the Court since the 1980s, especially among developing countries.
See Also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice
It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, sharing the building with the Hague Academy of International Law,
a private centre for the study of international law. Several of the Court's current judges are either alumni or former
faculty members of the Academy.
Its main functions are to settle legal disputes submitted to it by member states and to give advisory opinions on legal
questions submitted to it by duly authorized international organs, agencies and the UN General Assembly.
The ICJ has dealt with relatively few cases in its history, but there has clearly been an increased willingness to use
the Court since the 1980s, especially among developing countries.
See Also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice
United Nations Secretariat
The United Nations Secretariat is one of the principal organs of the United Nations and it is headed by the United Nations
Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide. It provides studies, information, and facilities
needed by United Nations bodies for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the UN Security Council,
the UN General Assembly, the UN Economic and Social Council, and other U.N. bodies.
The Charter provides that the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any authority other
than the UN. Each UN member country is enjoined to respect the international character of the Secretariat
and not seek to influence its staff. The Secretary-General alone is responsible for staff selection.
See Also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat
Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide. It provides studies, information, and facilities
needed by United Nations bodies for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the UN Security Council,
the UN General Assembly, the UN Economic and Social Council, and other U.N. bodies.
The Charter provides that the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any authority other
than the UN. Each UN member country is enjoined to respect the international character of the Secretariat
and not seek to influence its staff. The Secretary-General alone is responsible for staff selection.
See Also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat
United Nations Economic and Social Council
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations assists the General Assembly in promoting
international economic and social cooperation and development. ECOSOC has 54 members, all of whom are elected
by the General Assembly for a three-year term. The president is elected for a one-year term and chosen amongst
the small or middle powers represented on ECOSOC. ECOSOC meets once a year. Viewed separate from the specialized bodies
it coordinates, ECOSOC’s functions include information gathering, advising member nations, and making recommendations. In addition, ECOSOC is well positioned to provide policy
coherence and coordinate the overlapping functions of the UN’s subsidiary bodies and it is in these roles that it is most
active.
See Also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council
international economic and social cooperation and development. ECOSOC has 54 members, all of whom are elected
by the General Assembly for a three-year term. The president is elected for a one-year term and chosen amongst
the small or middle powers represented on ECOSOC. ECOSOC meets once a year. Viewed separate from the specialized bodies
it coordinates, ECOSOC’s functions include information gathering, advising member nations, and making recommendations. In addition, ECOSOC is well positioned to provide policy
coherence and coordinate the overlapping functions of the UN’s subsidiary bodies and it is in these roles that it is most
active.
See Also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council
United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is the branch of the United Nations charged with the maintenance of
international peace and security. Its powers, outlined in the United Nations Charter, include the establishment
of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization for military action.
Its powers are exercised through United Nations Security Council Resolutions.
See Also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council
international peace and security. Its powers, outlined in the United Nations Charter, include the establishment
of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization for military action.
Its powers are exercised through United Nations Security Council Resolutions.
See Also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council
Friday, September 26, 2008
United Nations General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA / GA) is one of the five principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions. It has also established a wide number of subsidiary organs
The General Assembly meets under its president or secretary general in regular yearly sessions which last from September to December, although it can reconvene for special and emergency special sessions. Its composition, functions, powers, voting, and procedures are set out in Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See Also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly
The General Assembly meets under its president or secretary general in regular yearly sessions which last from September to December, although it can reconvene for special and emergency special sessions. Its composition, functions, powers, voting, and procedures are set out in Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter.
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See Also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly
UNITED NATIONS
The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achieving world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries and to provide a platform for dialogue.
There are currently 192 member states, including nearly every recognized independent state in the world. From its headquarters on international territory in New York City, the UN and its specialized agencies decide on substantive and administrative issues in regular meetings held throughout the year. The organization is divided into administrative bodies, primarily:
- The General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly);
- The Security Council (decides certain resolutions for peace and security);
- The Economic and Social Council (assists in promoting international economic and -social cooperation and development);
- The Secretariat (provides studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN);
- The International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ).
Additional bodies deal with the governance of all other UN System agencies, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The UN's most visible public figure is the Secretary-General, currently Ban Ki-moon of South Korea, who attained the post in 2007. The organization is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states, and has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.
Sunday, September 21, 2008
2000s
2000
2000 The Millennium Summit
The largest gathering in the history of world leaders bringing together 149 Heads of State and Government and high-ranking officials from over 40 countries. The Millennium Summit is held at UN Headquarters in New York (55th General Assembly session). It is the largest gathering in the history of world leaders to date.
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2001
2001: SECURITY COUNCIL CREATES COUNTER-TERRORISM COMMITTEE
Secretary-General Kofi Annan (second from right) with New York city and state officials, viewing destruction caused by terrorists attacks on New York City on 11 September 2001.
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2001
2001: NOBEL PEACE PRIZE AWARDED TO THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to the United Nations and its Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
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2005
2005: INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION
A soccer game in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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2000 The Millennium Summit
The largest gathering in the history of world leaders bringing together 149 Heads of State and Government and high-ranking officials from over 40 countries. The Millennium Summit is held at UN Headquarters in New York (55th General Assembly session). It is the largest gathering in the history of world leaders to date.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001
2001: SECURITY COUNCIL CREATES COUNTER-TERRORISM COMMITTEE
Secretary-General Kofi Annan (second from right) with New York city and state officials, viewing destruction caused by terrorists attacks on New York City on 11 September 2001.
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2001
2001: NOBEL PEACE PRIZE AWARDED TO THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to the United Nations and its Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
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2005
2005: INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION
A soccer game in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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1990s
1990s
April 1991
1991: UN IRAQ-KUWAIT OBSERVER MISSION
Burning oil wells and a destroyed Iraqi tank. Al Maqwa, Kuwait, 25 March 1991. Establishment of the United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) following the forced withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. Establishment of the UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) to implement the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles, production facilities, and to assist the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the nuclear areas.
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3 December 1991
1991: BOUTROS BOUTROS-GHALI - SIXTH SECRETARY-GENERAL
Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Egypt, elected 3 December 1991. New York, 3 December 1991. Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt is elected the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations and begins his term on 1 January 1992.
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1995
1995: UN 50 LIGHTING
The United Nations Secretariat building lit up for the UN's 50th Anniversary. 21 December 1994. A world-wide, year-long programme of activities and celebrations marks the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations. The theme of the anniversary is "We the peoples of the United Nations...United for a Better World".
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17 December 1996
1996: KOFI ANNAN - SEVENTH SECRETARY-GENERAL
The General Assembly appoints by acclamation Kofi Annan of Ghana as the seventh United Nations Secretary-General with a term begining on 1 January 1997 and ending 31 December 2001. Secretary-General Kofi Annan (Ghana) elected 17 December 1996.
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April 1991
1991: UN IRAQ-KUWAIT OBSERVER MISSION
Burning oil wells and a destroyed Iraqi tank. Al Maqwa, Kuwait, 25 March 1991. Establishment of the United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) following the forced withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. Establishment of the UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) to implement the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles, production facilities, and to assist the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the nuclear areas.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 December 1991
1991: BOUTROS BOUTROS-GHALI - SIXTH SECRETARY-GENERAL
Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Egypt, elected 3 December 1991. New York, 3 December 1991. Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt is elected the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations and begins his term on 1 January 1992.
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1995
1995: UN 50 LIGHTING
The United Nations Secretariat building lit up for the UN's 50th Anniversary. 21 December 1994. A world-wide, year-long programme of activities and celebrations marks the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations. The theme of the anniversary is "We the peoples of the United Nations...United for a Better World".
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17 December 1996
1996: KOFI ANNAN - SEVENTH SECRETARY-GENERAL
The General Assembly appoints by acclamation Kofi Annan of Ghana as the seventh United Nations Secretary-General with a term begining on 1 January 1997 and ending 31 December 2001. Secretary-General Kofi Annan (Ghana) elected 17 December 1996.
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1980s
1980s
1 January 1982
1981: JAVIER PEREZ DE CUELLAR - FIFTH SECRETARY-GENERAL
Javier Perez de Cuellar, Peru, elected Secretary-General on 15 December 1981. Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar (Peru) assumes office as Secretary-General of the United Nations on 1 January 1982.
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December 1984
1984: UN OFFICE FOR EMERGENCY OPERATIONS IN AFRICA
Sandstorm on shore of Lake Baringo, Kenya. 1984. Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar sets up a UN office for Emergency Operations in Africa to help coordinate famine relief efforts.
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September 1987
1987: PROTECTION OF THE OZONE LAYER - MONTREAL PROTOCOL
A brilliant sun shining over Knoxville, Tenessee, United States, 1978. Efforts of UNEP lead to the signing of the Treaty on the Protection of the Ozone Layer - known as the Montreal Protocol - a follow-up to the 1985 Vienna Convention on the Ozone Layer.
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1 January 1982
1981: JAVIER PEREZ DE CUELLAR - FIFTH SECRETARY-GENERAL
Javier Perez de Cuellar, Peru, elected Secretary-General on 15 December 1981. Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar (Peru) assumes office as Secretary-General of the United Nations on 1 January 1982.
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December 1984
1984: UN OFFICE FOR EMERGENCY OPERATIONS IN AFRICA
Sandstorm on shore of Lake Baringo, Kenya. 1984. Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar sets up a UN office for Emergency Operations in Africa to help coordinate famine relief efforts.
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September 1987
1987: PROTECTION OF THE OZONE LAYER - MONTREAL PROTOCOL
A brilliant sun shining over Knoxville, Tenessee, United States, 1978. Efforts of UNEP lead to the signing of the Treaty on the Protection of the Ozone Layer - known as the Montreal Protocol - a follow-up to the 1985 Vienna Convention on the Ozone Layer.
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1970s
1970s
25 October 1971
1971: THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IS SEATED IN THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
General Assembly votes to seat representatives of the People's Republic of China. The People's Republic of China delegation is formally seated in the General Assembly.
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13 November 1974
1974: PLO GRANTED OBSERVER STATUS BY GENERAL ASSEMBLY
General Assembly recognizes the Palestine Liberation Organization as "the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people". The voting board as the General Assembly grants the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) observer status. At the rostrum from left to right: Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim, Assembly President Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Algeria), and Bradford Morse, Under-Secretary-General for Political and General Assembly Affairs.
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25 October 1971
1971: THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IS SEATED IN THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
General Assembly votes to seat representatives of the People's Republic of China. The People's Republic of China delegation is formally seated in the General Assembly.
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13 November 1974
1974: PLO GRANTED OBSERVER STATUS BY GENERAL ASSEMBLY
General Assembly recognizes the Palestine Liberation Organization as "the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people". The voting board as the General Assembly grants the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) observer status. At the rostrum from left to right: Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim, Assembly President Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Algeria), and Bradford Morse, Under-Secretary-General for Political and General Assembly Affairs.
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1960s
1960s
18 September 1961
1961: DEATH OF SECRETARY-GENERAL DAG HAMMARKJöLD
Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld dies in an aircraft crash while on mission to the Congo. The Chagall stained glass window, a gift of the artist and the UN Staff in Dag Hammarksjöld's memory.
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30 November 1962
1962 - U THANT - THIRD SECRETARY-GENERAL
U Thant is unanimously appointed Secretary-General by the General Assembly for a term of office ending on 3 November 1966.
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1969
1969: INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO) AWARDED NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
The International Labour Organisation (ILO) is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.An estimated 56 million children under 15 work for little or no pay in Asia, Africa and Latin America. These Bolivian children earn a meager living for their families by fishing the shores of Lake Titicaca.
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18 September 1961
1961: DEATH OF SECRETARY-GENERAL DAG HAMMARKJöLD
Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld dies in an aircraft crash while on mission to the Congo. The Chagall stained glass window, a gift of the artist and the UN Staff in Dag Hammarksjöld's memory.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30 November 1962
1962 - U THANT - THIRD SECRETARY-GENERAL
U Thant is unanimously appointed Secretary-General by the General Assembly for a term of office ending on 3 November 1966.
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1969
1969: INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO) AWARDED NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
The International Labour Organisation (ILO) is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.An estimated 56 million children under 15 work for little or no pay in Asia, Africa and Latin America. These Bolivian children earn a meager living for their families by fishing the shores of Lake Titicaca.
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1950s
1950s
September 1957
1957: SECRETARY-GENERAL VISITS SUEZ CANAL
September 1957 Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld is re-elected unanimously for another term of five years in September 1957. Secretary-General Dag Hamarskjöld ( taking a photograph) and Under-Secretary Ralph J. Bunche (left of Mr. Hammarskjöld) are watching the lifting of the 1,390 ton sunken tug "Edgar Bonnet", one of the most difficult obstructions in the canal. The Secretary-General visited the salavage operations during a six-day visit to Egypt. The Suez Canal had been shut down since hostilities began in Egypt late in October 1956. The United Nations salvage fleet, consisting of Dutch, Danish, Belgian, Swedish, German, Italian and Yugoslav ships, began its clearance operations on 27 December 1956.
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September 1957
1957: SECRETARY-GENERAL VISITS SUEZ CANAL
September 1957 Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld is re-elected unanimously for another term of five years in September 1957. Secretary-General Dag Hamarskjöld ( taking a photograph) and Under-Secretary Ralph J. Bunche (left of Mr. Hammarskjöld) are watching the lifting of the 1,390 ton sunken tug "Edgar Bonnet", one of the most difficult obstructions in the canal. The Secretary-General visited the salavage operations during a six-day visit to Egypt. The Suez Canal had been shut down since hostilities began in Egypt late in October 1956. The United Nations salvage fleet, consisting of Dutch, Danish, Belgian, Swedish, German, Italian and Yugoslav ships, began its clearance operations on 27 December 1956.
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1945-1949
1945-1949
26 June 1945
1945: SAN FRANCISCO CONFERENCE
26 June 1945 The city of San Francisco hosts the United Nations Conference on International Organization. Delegates, members of the press and conference staff converge on the city. Representatives of 50 countries meet in San Francisco to draw up the United Nations Charter. Those delegates deliberate on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States, in August-October 1944. The Charter is signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signs it later and becomes one of the original 51 member states.
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24 October 1945
1946: FIRST SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
24 October 1945 The United Nations officially comes into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter is ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. United Nations Day will then be celebrated on 24 October each year.
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Selecting the site
1949: PERMANENT HEADQUARTERS
Following selection of the United States, a special United Nations site committee looks over possible locations during the latter half of 1946 in such places as Philadelphia, Boston and San Francisco. While consideration had been given in the first place to areas north of New York City, crowded Manhattan is not seriously studied. But a last-minute offer of $8.5 million for the purchase of the present site, by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., is accepted by a large majority of the General Assembly on 14 December 1946. New York City completes the site parcel by additional gifts of property. Architects: Wallace K. Harrison of the United States is appointed chief architect, with the title of Director of Planning. To assist him, a 10-member Board of Design Consultants was selected, composed of architects nominated by Governments. The Members of the Board are Nikolai D. Bassov (Soviet Union), Gaston Brunfaut (Belgium), Ernest Cormier (Canada), Charles E. Le Corbusier (France), Liang Seu-Cheng (China), Sven Markelius (Sweden), Oscar Niemayer (Brazil), Howard Robertson (United Kingdom), G. A. Soilleux (Australia) and Julio Vilamajo (Uruguay).
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26 June 1945
1945: SAN FRANCISCO CONFERENCE
26 June 1945 The city of San Francisco hosts the United Nations Conference on International Organization. Delegates, members of the press and conference staff converge on the city. Representatives of 50 countries meet in San Francisco to draw up the United Nations Charter. Those delegates deliberate on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States, in August-October 1944. The Charter is signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signs it later and becomes one of the original 51 member states.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 October 1945
1946: FIRST SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
24 October 1945 The United Nations officially comes into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter is ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. United Nations Day will then be celebrated on 24 October each year.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selecting the site
1949: PERMANENT HEADQUARTERS
Following selection of the United States, a special United Nations site committee looks over possible locations during the latter half of 1946 in such places as Philadelphia, Boston and San Francisco. While consideration had been given in the first place to areas north of New York City, crowded Manhattan is not seriously studied. But a last-minute offer of $8.5 million for the purchase of the present site, by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., is accepted by a large majority of the General Assembly on 14 December 1946. New York City completes the site parcel by additional gifts of property. Architects: Wallace K. Harrison of the United States is appointed chief architect, with the title of Director of Planning. To assist him, a 10-member Board of Design Consultants was selected, composed of architects nominated by Governments. The Members of the Board are Nikolai D. Bassov (Soviet Union), Gaston Brunfaut (Belgium), Ernest Cormier (Canada), Charles E. Le Corbusier (France), Liang Seu-Cheng (China), Sven Markelius (Sweden), Oscar Niemayer (Brazil), Howard Robertson (United Kingdom), G. A. Soilleux (Australia) and Julio Vilamajo (Uruguay).
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THE EARLY YEARS
THE EARLY YEARS
1920s
League of Nations 1920s
Forerunner of the United Nations is the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles "to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security." The International Labour Organization is also created under the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated agency of the League. The League of Nations ceases its activities after failing to prevent the Second World War.
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1940s
The Atlantic Charter
14 April 1941: President Franklin Roosevelt of the United States and Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom propose a set of principles for international collaboration in maintaining peace and security. The document, signed during a meeting on the ship HMS Prince of Wales "somewhere at sea", is known as The Atlantic Charter.
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1920s
League of Nations 1920s
Forerunner of the United Nations is the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles "to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security." The International Labour Organization is also created under the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated agency of the League. The League of Nations ceases its activities after failing to prevent the Second World War.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1940s
The Atlantic Charter
14 April 1941: President Franklin Roosevelt of the United States and Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom propose a set of principles for international collaboration in maintaining peace and security. The document, signed during a meeting on the ship HMS Prince of Wales "somewhere at sea", is known as The Atlantic Charter.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HISTORY OF UNITED NATIONS
HISTORY OF UNITED NATIONS
The name "United Nations", coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used in the "Declaration by United Nations" of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers. States first established international organizations to cooperate on specific matters. The International Telecommunication Union was founded in 1865 as the International Telegraph Union, and the Universal Postal Union was established in 1874. Both are now United Nations specialized agencies. In 1899, the first International Peace Conference was held in The Hague to elaborate instruments for settling crises peacefully, preventing wars and codifying rules of warfare. It adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which began work in 1902. The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles "to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security." The International Labour Organization was also created under the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated agency of the League. The League of Nations ceased its activities after failing to prevent the Second World War. In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States, in August-October 1944. The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 member states. The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October each year.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Naming
US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt first suggested using the name United Nations to refer to the wartime Allies. Roosevelt suggested the term to Winston Churchill who cited Byron's use of the phrase "united nations" in Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, which referred to the Allies at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Franklin Roosevelt adopted the name and the first official use of the term occurred on January 1, 1942 with the Declaration by the United Nations. During subsequent phases of World War II the Allies used the term "United Nations" to refer to their alliance.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preliminaries
The idea for the future United Nations as an international organization emerged in declarations signed at the wartime Allied conferences in Moscow and in Tehran in 1943. From August to October 1944, representatives of France, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR met to elaborate plans at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in Washington, D.C. Those and later talks produced proposals outlining the purposes of the United Nations Organization, its membership and organs, as well as arrangements to maintain international peace and security and international economic and social cooperation. Governments and private citizens worldwide discussed and debated these proposals.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See Also
http:\\www.un.org/aboutun/unhistory (History of UN Official Website)
http:\\www.diggerhistory.info/pages-conflicts-periods/other/un-history.htm (History of UN with Images and Flags)
The name "United Nations", coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used in the "Declaration by United Nations" of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers. States first established international organizations to cooperate on specific matters. The International Telecommunication Union was founded in 1865 as the International Telegraph Union, and the Universal Postal Union was established in 1874. Both are now United Nations specialized agencies. In 1899, the first International Peace Conference was held in The Hague to elaborate instruments for settling crises peacefully, preventing wars and codifying rules of warfare. It adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which began work in 1902. The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles "to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security." The International Labour Organization was also created under the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated agency of the League. The League of Nations ceased its activities after failing to prevent the Second World War. In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States, in August-October 1944. The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 member states. The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October each year.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Naming
US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt first suggested using the name United Nations to refer to the wartime Allies. Roosevelt suggested the term to Winston Churchill who cited Byron's use of the phrase "united nations" in Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, which referred to the Allies at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Franklin Roosevelt adopted the name and the first official use of the term occurred on January 1, 1942 with the Declaration by the United Nations. During subsequent phases of World War II the Allies used the term "United Nations" to refer to their alliance.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preliminaries
The idea for the future United Nations as an international organization emerged in declarations signed at the wartime Allied conferences in Moscow and in Tehran in 1943. From August to October 1944, representatives of France, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR met to elaborate plans at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in Washington, D.C. Those and later talks produced proposals outlining the purposes of the United Nations Organization, its membership and organs, as well as arrangements to maintain international peace and security and international economic and social cooperation. Governments and private citizens worldwide discussed and debated these proposals.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See Also
http:\\www.un.org/aboutun/unhistory (History of UN Official Website)
http:\\www.diggerhistory.info/pages-conflicts-periods/other/un-history.htm (History of UN with Images and Flags)
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